Integrated oil giant Rosneft conducts oil and gas exploration and production activities in Siberia, the Far East, the North Caucasus, Timan-Pechora, the Volga-Urals region, the Black, Caspian, and Azov Seas, and in Kamchatka. OAO Rosneft Oil Company also has exploration projects in Algeria, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. OAO Rosneft Oil Company has proved, probable and possible reserves of 49 billion barrels of oil equivalent. OAO Rosneft Oil Company has seven refineries with an aggregate capacity of 56.7 million tonnes. Rosneft also operates shipping and pipeline companies, as well as a national network of 1,700 gasoline stations. The Russian government owns 75% of Rosneft.

Occidental Petroleum Corporation (NYSE: OXY) is an international oil and gas exploration and production company, as well as a major North American chemical manufacturer. Occidental Oil and Gas Corporation is the fourth-largest U.S. oil and gas company, based on market capitalization of $48.6 billion. Oxy engages in oil and natural gas exploration and production in three core regions: the United States, Middle East/North Africa and Latin America. Occidental Oil and Gas Corporation is a worldwide leader in applying advanced technology to boost production from mature oil and natural gas fields and access hard-to-reach reserves. Occidental Oil and Gas Corporation have consistently replaced and expanded reserves through improved recovery, strategic acquisitions and focused exploration. Occidental Oil and Gas Corporation is the largest leaseholder of oil and gas exploration acreage in Libya.

Occidental Permian is all about oil, Texas Tea. Occidental Permian, Ltd. is the largest oil producer in Texas and has proved reserves in the Permian Basin of 1.2 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Nearly 60% of the oil Occidental Permian obtains comes from CO2 flooding, a procedure that is used when pumping and water injection no longer works. Occidental Permian, Ltd. is a subsidiary of Occidental Oil and Gas (itself a subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum), and became the major player in the Permian Basin with the parent's acquisition of Altura Energy in 2000 for a reported $3.6 billion.

Oil & Gas Development Company Limited (or OGDCL) is Pakistan's largest oil and gas exploration and production company. OGDCL's products include gas, crude oil, and LPG. Oil and Gas Development Company exploration activities are performed both on its own and through joint ventures, some of which the company operates; OGDCL explores both within and outside of Pakistan, as well as offshore. Oil and Gas Development Company accounts for 45% of Pakistan's oil reserves and 35% of the country's natural gas reserves. Total proved reserves in 2009 stood at 625 million barrels of oil equivalent. OGDCL was founded by Pakistan's government in 1961. In 2009 the government owned 85% of the company.

Oil Search Limited was established in 1929.The company expanded its Papua New Guinea-based operations through a merger with oil and gas and mineral explorer Orogen Minerals. Oil Search ranks as Papua New Guinea's largest exploration and production company, with proved and probable reserves of 1 billion barrels of oil equivalent. As operator of Papua New Guinea's producing oil and gas fields, in 2007 Oil Search was responsible for generating 16% of Papua New Guinea's Gross Domestic Product and 22% of its export revenue. Abu Dhabi's International Petroleum Investment Company owns 17.6% of Oil Search.

Oil and gas producer Surgutneftegas is one of the largest companies in the Russian oil sector. OJSC Surgutneftegas accounts for almost 13% of the country’s crude output and 25% of gas produced by domestic oil companies. Over many years, OJSC Surgutneftegas has been leading the industry in terms of exploratory and development drilling, as well as the number of production wells brought on stream. OJSC Surgutneftegas was the first in Russia to develop the complete cycle of gas production and processing, gas-based power generation, and output of finished products and petrochemical feedstock. Fifty-nine divisions of the company are involved in the whole range of prospecting and reservoir management operations, construction of facilities and pipelines, environmental safety, and process automation. Surgutneftegas’ crucial competitive advantage lies in advanced petroleum production technology successfully applied by its own service subdivisions. Oil is supplied to Russian refineries and exported to CIS and Western Europe.

Pacific Energy Resources Ltd. (TSX: PFE) is a company headquartered in Long Beach, California and is engaged in the acquisition, exploitation, and development of oil and gas properties, primarily in the United States. Pacific Energy Resources Ltd. was formerly named Shamrock Resources. The company specialized in redeveloping mature oil and gas fields by using advanced production technology. Pacific Energy Resources had proved reserves of 50.4 million barrels of oil equivalent. In 2009 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and subsequently sold all of its assets to creditors.

Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp. (formerly Petro Rubiales Energy Corp) has found a home in Colombia as a producer of heavy crude oil. The Canadian-based company is focused on the exploration, development and production of heavy crude oil in Colombia's Llanos Basin. Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp. (as Consolidated AGX Resources) had been involved in oil and gas exploration on Brazil and mineral mining exploration in Canada. In 2007 Consolidated AGX Resources completed the acquisition of Rubiales Holdings and subsequently changed its name to Petro Rubiales Energy Corp. In 2008 Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp. merged with Pacific Stratus Energy Ltd and became Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp. Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp. subsequently acquired Colombia-based Kappa Energy Holdings.

Pan Andean Resources explores for and produces oil and gas from drilling operations in the US and South America. In the US Pan Andean Resources PLC produces gas from seven locations onshore and offshore Texas. In Bolivia Pan Andean Resources PLC produces oil and gas at the Monteagudo field, but taxes have made it difficult for the company to break even in costs. Pan Andean has also started an exploration project in Peru. Pan Andean Resources PLC has proved plus probable reserves of more than 3 million barrels of oil equivalent in the US (65% of all its total reserves are in Texas and the Gulf of Mexico) and more than 2 million barrels of oil equivalent in Bolivia and Peru. Pan Andean was formed in 1988.

Parallel Petroleum seeks unparalleled success by exploring for and producing oil and natural gas. Parallel Petroleum Corporation operates primarily on the Gulf Coast of South Texas, in East Texas, and in the Permian Basin of West Texas, and well as in Colorado and Utah. In 2008 Parallel Petroleum Corporation reported proved reserves of 71.8 billion cu. ft. of natural gas and 21.2 million barrels of oil. Parallel Petroleum sells directly on a month-to-month basis to other oil and gas companies. In 2009 global investment firm Apollo Global Management acquired Parallel Petroleum for about $483 million.

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