No, Cosmo Oil is no relation to former Cosmo publisher Helen Gurley Brown. The company is one of Japan's top oil refiners and a major petroleum distributor. Cosmo Oil has four refineries; it markets its products through a network of more than 4,120 gas stations. The company imports crude oil from the Middle East and has affiliates in Singapore, the UK, and the US. Cosmo Oil is streamlining operations; it is pruning back its chain of service stations, and it has formed a refining and distribution joint venture with Nippon Oil that controls 40% of Japan's oil refining market. In 2008 Abu Dhabi's International Petroleum Investment Company acquired 20% of the company and became its top shareholder.

China Petrochemical (Sinopec Group) sees no sin in making a profit off fossil fuels. Asia's largest oil refiner operates businesses in oil and gas exploration and production; crude oil processing; oil products trading, transportation, distribution and marketing; and petrochemical products production, marketing and distribution through its main subsidiary China Petroleum & Chemical (Sinopec Corp.). The parent also participates in investment management, electrical and mechanical manufacturing, engineering, IT research and development, and importing and exporting as allowed by the State. Government controlled Sinopec Group works from nine offices in Europe, Asia, Russia, North America, and the Middle East.

Cequence Energy Ltd. is a junior oil and natural gas exploration and development company which was formed as part of the re-capitalization of Sabretooth Energy Ltd. in July 2009. Combining Cequence’s solid balance sheet and strong technical expertise in the Peace River Arch and Deep Basin areas of Alberta, Cequence Energy Ltd. is uniquely positioned to grow through both acquisitions and the drill bit. Cequence’s disciplined approach to controlling costs and making strategic acquisitions will provide the resources for production, reserve and cash flow growth per share with significant upside potential. Focusing on the Peace River Arch oil and gas patch in Alberta and British Columbia, the company greatly expanded its operations in 2007 through the acquisition of Bear Ridge Resources, which explored for and produced oil and gas in Central Alberta and Southeast Saskatchewan. Cequence Energy produces about 3,380 barrels of oil per day from its operations in western Canada. Cequence Energy Ltd. has proved and possible reserves of about 8.3 million barrels of oil equivalent. In 2009 Cequence Energy Ltd. recapitalized, brought in a new management team and changed its corporate name.

ERG (formerly known as Raffineria Edoardo Garrone) lives up to its name -- ergo, it's in the energy business. Italy's largest independent oil refiner (accounting for about 11% of Italy's oil refining capacity), ERG is engaged in refining, marketing, and distributing crude oil and refined products such as diesel and lubricants. The group processes about 380,000 barrels of crude oil a day. With a nationwide network of about 2,000 Ergo-branded service stations, ERG holds about 7% of Italy's retail market share. The company also distributes oil products directly to agricultural, industrial, and utility customers. In addition, the company has interests in power generation. The Garrone family owns about 63% of ERG.

EDF Energy has the London Bridge and Big Ben wired. The company, formerly London Electricity Group, provides retail electric services to customers across the UK. EDF Energy trades energy on the wholesale market and has power generation assets (three power plants) that give it 4,900 MW of capacity. EDF Energy generates about 6% of the power generated in the UK. It operates regulated transmission and distribution assets that deliver electricity to 7.9 million homes and businesses in London and eastern and southeastern England, and it also provides gas supply and infrastructure construction services. EDF Energy is a subsidiary of French utility giant Electricity de France (EDF).

Pan Andean Resources explores for and produces oil and gas from drilling operations in the US and South America. In the US Pan Andean Resources PLC produces gas from seven locations onshore and offshore Texas. In Bolivia Pan Andean Resources PLC produces oil and gas at the Monteagudo field, but taxes have made it difficult for the company to break even in costs. Pan Andean has also started an exploration project in Peru. Pan Andean Resources PLC has proved plus probable reserves of more than 3 million barrels of oil equivalent in the US (65% of all its total reserves are in Texas and the Gulf of Mexico) and more than 2 million barrels of oil equivalent in Bolivia and Peru. Pan Andean was formed in 1988.

Over the past 40 years, GS Caltex, which aims to be a total energy service leader, has been pushing to not only perform in the petroleum and petrochemical businesses, but also to diversify its energy business, thus leading the energy industry. GS Caltex (formerly LG-Caltex) operates the world's largest plant producing benzene, which is used in in the production of unleaded gas. Korea's #2 oil refiner after SK Group, the company (jointly owned by GS Holdings and Chevron) has a refining capacity of 770,000 barrels of oil per day, and its aromatic plant can produce 2.8 million tons annually. It also operates 3,400 gas stations. GS Caltex operates a gas utility and is a major importer of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The company also has oil exploration, shipping, and electric power interests. GS Caltex was set up in 1967 as a joint venture of Lucky Ltd. (a predecessor of Korea's LG Group) and Caltex.

Occidental Petroleum Corporation was founded in 1920 and is based in Los Angels, California.Occidental Petroleum Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, operates as an oil and gas exploration and production company. Occidental Petroleum Corporation has three segments: Oil and Gas; Chemical; and Midstream, Marketing, and Other. The Oil and Gas segment engages in the exploration, development, production, and marketing of crude oil, natural gas liquids, and condensate and natural gas in Texas, New Mexico, California, Kansas, Oklahoma, Utah, and Colorado, as well as in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Libya, Oman, Qatar, the unite Arab Emirates, and Yemen. As of December 31, 2008, Occidental Petroleum Corporation had proved reserves of approximately 2,978 million barrels of oil equivalent. The Chemical segment manufactures and markets basic chemicals, vinyls, and performance chemicals. The Midstream, Marketing, and Other Segment gathers, treats, processes, transports, stores, trades, and markets crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and condensate and carbon dioxide, as well as generates and markets power. In addition, Occidental Petroleum Corporation involves in the calcium chloride business.

Petroleum Development Corporation was founded in 1955 and is based in Denver, Colorado.Petroleum Development Corporation engages in the exploration, development, production, and marketing of oil and natural gas. Petroleum Development Corporation also specializes in the purchase, aggregation, and resale of natural gas from other producers. As of December 31, 2008, Petroleum Development Corporation owned interests in approximately 4,712 gross wells located primarily in the Rocky Mountain Region, and the Appalachian and Michigan Basins with 753 billion cubic feet equivalent of net proved oil and natural gas reserves. Petroleum Development Corporation sells natural gas to other gas marketers, utilities, industrial end-users, and other wholesale gas purchasers.

Nippon Mining Holdings is involved in mining and energy operations. Subsidiary Japan Energy is engaged in both upstream and downstream oil and gas activities as well as petrochemical manufacturing. The company refines oil at its three refineries and markets its petroleum products through a network of 3,300 JOMO service stations throughout Japan. Petroleum products include gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, petrochemicals, lubricants, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Subsidiary Nippon Mining & Metals is engaged in resources development activities such as smelting and refining, recycling and environmental services, metal fabrication, and the manufacture of electronic materials.

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