Pain Enterprises helps customers in a number of industries (including the chemicals, food processing, hospitality, medical, packaging, and restaurant markets) by supplying them with carbon dioxide as gas (in bulk, cylinder, and nitrogen/CO2 mix forms) and as dry ice (in pellet or block versions). It also sells CO2 atmospheric safety monitors and alarms. Pain Enterprises retails dry ice through its BerryCold Retail Dry Ice division. The company, which was established in 1957, operates five dry ice plants and about 20 sales offices, primarily in the Midwest.

Petrochem Carless wants to keep drivers from having to do without their vehicle. The company offers products such as antifreeze, brake fluids, de-icers, and racing fuels. It also supplies chemical solvents such as alcohols, amines, and esters. Petrochem Carless is one of the top European refiners and distributors of specialty hydrocarbons and advanced automotive fluids, as well as a leading supplier of drilling fluids. It was formed in 2000 when Petrochem bought Carless (which traces its history back to 1859) from Spanish giant Repsol and merged the two companies' operations. The company underwent a management buyout (backed by Lloyds Banking Group) in 2005, and Lloyds offered to buy it outright in 2010.

Polimeri Europa, the petrochemical arm of Italian energy behemoth Eni, produces and distributes a wide range of chemicals, operating through four main divisions: basic chemicals, elastomers, polyethylene, and styrenics. The company's products are used by the agricultural, coatings, construction products, packaging, and plastics industries. Polimeri Europa operates about a dozen manufacturing facilities in Italy and about half of that number elsewhere in Europe. Its home country also accounts for more than half of company sales, though it has a sales presence in more than 30 countries on the continent.

Praxair is content to use Praxair Distribution. The company distributes industrial, medical, and other gases to more than 600 Praxair locations in the US and Canada. Praxair Distribution delivers industrial gases and hardware to welders; respiratory gases and healthcare equipment to hospitals and homecare patients; and specialty gases and equipment to electronics, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, and chemical companies. It uses a line of stores and depots, specialty gases labs, cylinder-filling plants, homecare service locations, and distribution centers to serve its customers' needs.

Pride Solvents & Chemical distributes chemicals such as alcohols, amines, chlorinated solvents, esters, surfactants, glycol ethers, and ketones. Industries and applications include metal cleaning, pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings, personal care products, flavors and fragrances, and compounding products. The company also provides custom blending and packaging services. Pride Solvents & Chemical's product suppliers include Celanese, Dow Chemical, and Rhodia. Formed in 1970, the family-owned company maintains five distribution locations and has a fleet of nearly 40 vehicles.

PTT Aromatics and Refining (PTTAR) is in the additives business. The company makes products such as paraxylene, benzene, toluene, and orthoxylene, which are used in everything from food containers, polyester fiber, and synthetic rubber to paints and insecticide. PTTAR sells its products mostly to Thai companies, fulfilling its mandate to reduce the need for importing chemicals. About a third of the company's goods are exported to other Asian nations. PTTAR refines some 2.2 million tons of aromatics per year. PTT, Thailand's largest oil and gas company, owns 49% of PTTAR, which was formed in 2007 from the merger of The Aromatics (Thailand) and Rayong Refinery.

PURE Bioscience engages in the development and commercialization of silver ion bioscience technologies principally in the United States. The company offers silver dihydrogen citrate-based antimicrobials. The silver dihydrogen citrate technology is an electrolytically generated source of stabilized ionic silver that would serve as the basis for various products in diverse markets. It also provides Axen and Axen30 hard surface disinfectant products for commercial, industrial, and consumer applications, including restaurants, homes, and medical facilities. PURE Bioscience sells its products to retail, commercial, and institutional customers through distributors. The company was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in El Cajon, California.

PVS Chemicals sells undrinkable soda, sulfur-based chemicals, and acids that not even Timothy Leary would find palatable. The company's product list includes sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, liquid caustic soda, ferric chloride, and ammonium thiosulfate. These chemicals are used in applications such as water treatment (wastewater, process, and municipal), electronics manufacture (including semiconductor etching), gold and copper mining, and food and aluminum production. PVS Chemicals' subsidiaries include PVS Technologies (water treatment), Dynecol (transportation, analysis, treatment, and recycling of chemicals), and PVS Nolwood (chemical distribution).

Rasa Industries can help your company dig itself a hole. Rasa has three major business segments: machinery, chemicals, and electronic materials. Its machinery segment makes pipe-jacking machines used for tunneling in the installation of sewer, gas, and water lines and electricity and communication networks; it also makes screens and pumps for dealing with the slurry that its pipe-jacking machines produce. Rasa's chemical products include phosphorus, ferric oxide, and phosphoric acid. In 2011 Rasa's electronics division sold its silicon wafer recycling operations to RS Technologies. The unit continues to make high-purity materials such as gallium and phosphorus for electronics.

Raymor Industries didn't get a charge out of the battery business and has moved on to the powders and coatings market. In 2004 the company acquired the advanced materials division of PyroGenesis and dumped its mining exploration business. Through subsidiary Advanced Powders and Coatings (AP&C), Raymor partners with PyroGenesis to produce specialized metallic powders and ceramic and metallic coatings. The products are used primarily in the biomedical, industrial, and aerospace and defense industries. Raymor also operates a nanotechnology division to develop products on a nanometric scale. In 2009 the company filed for bankruptcy protection and was taken private by a small group of investors early the next year.

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