Avecia has become dependent on pharmaceuticals, and it doesn't want to kick the habit. After much pruning, the specialty and fine chemicals maker has two main segments: oligomedicines and biologics. The biologics unit, based in the UK, develops microbial and human therapeutic proteins. The other business segment provides oligonucleotide products for all stages of production: pre-clinical, clinical, and post launch. This oligomedicines unit is headquartered in Massachusetts. In the latter half of the decade the company began a reorganization that involved selling off its chemicals unit that made products for laser printers and copiers and intermediates for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.

Praxair, Inc. engages in the production and distribution of industrial gases primarily in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Its products include atmospheric gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and rare gases; and process gases, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, electronic gases, specialty gases, and acetylene. The company also designs, engineers, and builds equipment that produces industrial gases. In addition, Praxair supplies surface coatings, including wear-resistant and high-temperature corrosion-resistant metallic and ceramic coatings, and powders to the aircraft, printing, textile, plastics, primary metals, petrochemical, and other industries. Further, the company manufactures electric arc, plasma, and high-velocity oxygen fuel spray equipment, as well as arc and flame wire equipment used for the application of wear resistant coatings. It markets its products through distributors to various industries, including healthcare, petroleum refining, computer-chip manufacturing, beverage carbonation, fiber-optics, steel making, aerospace, chemicals, and water treatment. The company was founded in 1907 and is headquartered in Danbury, Connecticut.

PURE Bioscience engages in the development and commercialization of silver ion bioscience technologies principally in the United States. The company offers silver dihydrogen citrate-based antimicrobials. The silver dihydrogen citrate technology is an electrolytically generated source of stabilized ionic silver that would serve as the basis for various products in diverse markets. It also provides Axen and Axen30 hard surface disinfectant products for commercial, industrial, and consumer applications, including restaurants, homes, and medical facilities. PURE Bioscience sells its products to retail, commercial, and institutional customers through distributors. The company was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in El Cajon, California.

Jamestown Paint had been around when the original Jamestown was settled, residents could have painted their wagons any color they wished. The company, a family-run business founded in 1885, makes more than 2,000 varieties of coatings used by automotive OEMs and other manufacturing companies, including producers of heavy machinery, pipes and containers, general industrial products, and office furniture. It also provides custom formulation, process optimization, training, and waste reduction services. The company serves domestic and international customers, with a focus on clients in the northeastern US.

Borealis is another shining light in the northern sky of plastics. The company is among the leading European makers of polyethylene and polypropylene, the most common plastic resins (and together known as polyolefins). Borealis also produces olefins, ethylene and propylene, and compounds plastic resins to meet desired characteristics, mainly for wire and cable makers. Its Borstar technology is used to support its polyethylene and polypropylene products. The International Petroleum Investment Company of Abu Dhabi (IPIC) owns 65% of Borealis and Austrian oil firm OMV controls the remaining 35%.

FMC Corporation, a chemical company, provides solutions, applications, and products for agricultural, consumer, and industrial markets worldwide. It operates in three segments: Agricultural Products, Specialty Chemicals, and Industrial Chemicals. The Agricultural Products segment develops, markets, and sells a portfolio of crop protection, pest control, and lawn and garden products. It produces insecticides and herbicides to protect various crops, including cotton, sugarcane, rice, corn, soybeans, cereals, fruits, and vegetables from insects and weed growth. The company’s insecticides are also used in non-agricultural applications, including pest control for home, garden, and other specialty markets; and herbicides in turf and roadsides applications.

The Pigments for Paper business group produces kaolin, ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), mineral components that are essential for the paper industry. These products -- white pigments -- are essential mineral components, as they improve the physical characteristics of finished products and help to reduce their production cost. White pigments offer a wide variety of qualities in terms of gloss, brightness, opacity or viscosity.The great diversity of its products allows the business group to provide multi-pigment solutions in response to its customers’ specific needs. It offers the world’s broadest range of pigments targeted for paper industry application.

Yara International tries to make the world green -- and, in the process, make a little green of its own. The manufacturer of fertilizers and industrial gases is among the world's largest makers of plant nutrients and ammonia, selling about 20 million metric tons of fertilizer per year. It is also a top supplier of CO2 and nitrogen chemicals to industrial markets and of nitrates to the explosives industry. Yara has a quarter stake in Chilean fertilizers maker SQM, as does Canadian fertilizers maker PotashCorp. Formerly known as Hydro Agri, the company was spun off in 2004 by Norwegian aluminum giant Norsk Hydro. Yara markets its products worldwide.

Formed in 1952 and still controlled by the family of founder David Tilley, the company operates a large distribution facility in Baltimore. Tilley distributes chemicals, oils, and lubricants over roads both flat and hilly. The company offers a full range of chemicals, specialty chemicals, and solvents for customers in the food, personal care, and pharmaceutical industries. Its oil and lubricant products -- motor oils, hydraulic oils, transmission fluids, rust preventers, metalworking fluids -- are typically used by the automotive and manufacturing industries. Tilley also provides packaging, transfer, and handling services. Tilley's suppliers include Morton Salt, BASF, Rhodia, and Dow.

Innophos Holdings, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, produces specialty phosphates primarily in the North America. Its products include specialty salts, which are used in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical applications; specialty acids that are used in industrial applications, such as asphalt modification and petrochemical catalysis; technical grade sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), which is used in detergent applications, including automatic dishwashing, commercial/industrial detergents, and home laundry detergents; and other products, such as phosphate fertilizers that are used as co-products of manufacturing purified phosphoric acid. Innophos Holdings also offers purified phosphoric acid (PPA) that is used as an input to specialty salts, specialty acids, and STPP, as well as in water and metal treatment applications. The company’s customers include consumer goods manufacturers, distributors, and specialty chemical manufacturers in food, bakery, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cleaning product markets. Innophos Holdings was incorporated in 2004 and is headquartered in Cranbury, New Jersey.

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