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Founded in 1935 as a maker of caustic soda, Tosoh (a Japanese abbreviation of oriental soda) still produces caustic soda but has expanded into a number of other areas. Today Tosoh's three core chemicals businesses -- petro-, basic, and specialties -- account for roughly equal portions of sales. The company's basic chemicals include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), and chlorine. Its petrochemicals include olefins and aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and ethylene. Tosoh has been building up its higher-margin specialty chemicals like ethylene amines and specialty materials such as quartz. The Tosoh Corporation company has more than 140 affiliates worldwide but gets about 90% of sales from Japan.

Total Petrochemicals is just a small portion of a very large TOTAL. The Total Petrochemicals company is the business unit in charge of the French energy giant's worldwide production of base petrochemicals (olefins and aromatics), polyethylene, polypropylene, and styrenics (styrene, polystyrene, and elastomers). Olefins are the basic building blocks of the chemical world, such as ethylene and propylene, and are manufactured primarily from natural gas and naphtha; they are the raw materials used in just about everything else the company makes. The Total Petrochemicals is invested heavily in Asia through 50-50 joint venture Samsung Total Petrochemicals, which offers Total a prominent gateway into Asia and in particular the Chinese market.

Total's strategy is to tightly integrate its subsidiaries with the parent company's operations, and Total Petrochemicals USA operates directly in coordination with Total's US plants. For the most part Texans don't cotton to foreigners, especially those from France. But Total Petrochemicals USA, the North American arm of French energy giant Total's basic chems unit, is doing just fine in Houston. The company manufactures base and petrochemicals from facilities in Texas and Louisiana and also operates a refinery in Texas. Total Petrochemicals produces olefins (ethylene and propylene), polyolefins (polypropylene and polyethylene), aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene), and transportation fuels.

TPC Group Inc. produces specialized lines of chemical products to chemical and petroleum based companies worldwide. The company offers C4 processing products, including butadiene, which is used to produce synthetic rubber; butene-1x that is used in the manufacture of plastic resins, fuel additives, and synthetic alcohols; and raffinates and methyl tertiary butyl ether, which are used in gasoline blend stock formations. It also provides performance chemicals comprising isobutylene that is used in the production of specialty rubbers, lubricant additives, detergents, and coatings; polyisobutylenes, which are used in the production of fuel and lube additives, caulks, adhesives, sealants, and packaging; diisobutylene that is used in the manufacture of surfactants, plasticizers, and resins; and propylene derivatives, such as nonene and tetramer, which are used as intermediates in the production of plasticizers, lube oil additives, surfactants, antioxidants, and other performance products. The TPC Group Inc. was formerly known as Texas Petrochemicals Inc. and changed its name to TPC Group Inc. in January 2010. TPC Group was founded in 1943 and is headquartered in Houston, Texas.

Formed in 1965, Transammonia is owned by founder Ronald Stanton. Fertilizers, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and petrochemicals form the lifeblood of international trader Transammonia. The company trades, distributes, and transports these commodities around the world. Transammonia's fertilizer business includes ammonia, phosphates, and urea. Its Sea-3 subsidiary imports and distributes propane to residential, commercial, and industrial customers in the northeastern US and Florida. The Trammochem unit trades in petrochemicals, specializing in aromatics, methanol, methyltertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and olefins. Trammo Petroleum trades oil products including gasoline, heating oil, jet fuel, and naphtha.

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