NanoBio is trying to put its NanoStat antimicrobial nanoemulsion technology to work enabling drugs that treat topical and mucosal diseases. The firm's nanoemulsions are formulated to destroy such bacteria as "E. coli", as well as fungi, spores, and viral invaders. NanoBio's two lead candidates are in development to treat cold sores and nail fungus. Other candidates target acne, genital herpes, herpes zoster (better known as shingles), drug-resistant bacterial infections, and viral respiratory infections. NanoBio is also exploring how to use its technology to develop vaccines for hepatitis B and influenza.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its own research and the distribution of grants, seeks to understand disease inside and out. Part of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the NIH is the government's main medical research entity. It comprises 27 institutes and centers covering every medical discipline, from general medical sciences to alternative therapies. The organization has nearly 6,000 scientists of its own and gives out some 50,000 grants to researchers at more than 3,000 universities, hospitals, and research labs in all 50 states. Among its vast array of projects, NIH has supported efforts to develop an AIDS vaccine, map human genetic variation, and study avian flu.

NeoPharm, Inc. was founded in 1990 and is headquartered in Lake Bluff, Illinois. NeoPharm, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, engages in the research, development, and commercialization of drugs for the treatment of various cancers and other diseases primarily in the United States. Its products include LEP-ETU, which is in Phase II trial for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer; LE-DT that is in Phase I trial for the treatment of various forms of cancer; and LE-rafAON, which completed preclinical studies to treat pancreatic cancer. The company has a co-operative research and development agreement with the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke for research on a therapeutic agent for untreatable brain diseases in humans. NeoPharm would provide its proprietary drug, Cintredekin Besudotox (IL13-PE38QQR), and technical resources to study its effects in various brain cancers in humans. Its IL13-PE38QQR also completed preclinical studies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. The company was formerly known as OncoMed, Inc. and changed its name to NeoPharm, Inc. in March 1995.

Network Biosystems develops high throughput DNA sequencing systems with applications in the personalized medicine, forensics, drug discovery, and security arenas. The company blends nanotechnology and mircrofluidics to achieve its DNA analysis. Its sequencing systems were conceived at MIT's Whitehead Institute. The company is in the developmental stage and is pursuing a variety of commercial applications including manufacturing a rugged portable STR analysis and identification in the forensics field and on site screening of large numbers for use by homeland security.

Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. was founded in 1992 and is based in San Diego, California. Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. engages in the discovery and development of drugs for the treatment of neurological and endocrine-related diseases and disorders in the United States. The company develops drugs for endometriosis, anxiety, depression, pain, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, insomnia, and other neurological and endocrine related diseases and disorders. Its products in clinical development comprise Elagolix, a Phase II product for Endometriosis; CRF1 Antagonist, a phase II product for mood disorders; CRF2 Peptide Agonist, a phase II drug for Cardiovascular related diseases; CRF1 Antagonist, a Phase I product for treating Mood Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome; and Elagolix, a Phase I product for treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Uterine Fibroids. The company's research programs include Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Inhibitor for movement disorders and schizophrenia; Glucose Dependent Insulin Secretagogues for type II diabetes; Antiepileptic drugs for epilepsy and bipolar disorder; and GnRH Antagonists for hormone dependent diseases and oncology. It has strategic alliances with GlaxoSmithKline to develop and commercialize CRF antagonists for psychiatric, neurological, and gastrointestinal diseases; and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd. to develop and commercialize indiplon in Japan.

NeuroNova wants to recharge neurons. The biopharmaceutical company is engaged in the research and development of therapies to help regenerate central nervous system cells in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders. Its research focuses on developing drugs that will stimulate endogenous stem and progenitor cells to restore damaged areas of the brain. The company has two drug candidates nearing clinical development in addition to other compounds in the discovery and pre-clinical phases. NeuroNova was founded in 1998 and is financed by Swedish venture capital companies HealthCap, Scandinavian Life Science Venture, and Investor Growth Capital.

NeuTec wants to make visiting the hospital an experience that lessens patient dangers. The biopharmaceutical company identifies and compares antibodies produced by patients who recover from infections (acquired in hospitals) to those produced by patients who die. Then, using its FabTec technology, it develops genetically recombinant antibodies, or "grabs," to treat patients with life-threatening infections. The company's two leading candidates, Mycograb, which targets a fungus in the mouth and skin, and Aurograb, which targets bacterial infections, are in clinical trials in the UK. Mycograb also is in clinical trials in the US.

New Brunswick Scientific Co. was founded in 1946 and is headquartered in Edison, New Jersey. As of September 24, 2007, New Brunswick Scientific Co. Inc. is a subsidiary of Eppendorf AG. New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc. and its subsidiaries provide various research equipment and scientific instruments for the life sciences industry. It engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of equipment that creates, maintains, measures, and controls the physical and biochemical conditions required for the growth, detection, and storage of biological cultures. The company’s products include fermentation equipment, bioreactors, biological shakers, ultra-low temperature freezers, CO2 incubators, nutrient sterilizing and dispensing equipment, tissue culture apparatus, and air samplers. Its products are used in medical, biological, chemical, and environmental research; and for the commercial development of antibiotics, proteins, hormones, enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, agricultural products, fuels, vitamins, vaccines, and other substances. The company sells its equipment to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies; agricultural and chemical companies; other industrial customers engaged in biotechnology; and medical schools, universities, research institutes, hospitals, and private laboratories; and laboratories of federal, state, and municipal government departments and agencies. It also sells its equipment directly, as well as through scientific equipment dealers to foreign companies, institutions, and governments. The company primarily operates in the United States, Asia, and Europe.

New Energy Technologies, Inc. was founded in 1998 and is based in Burtonsville, Maryland. New Energy Technologies, Inc., through its subsidiaries, engages in the identification, acquisition, development, and commercialization of alternative energy technologies. It focuses on the development of MotionPower, a technology for capturing the kinetic energy of moving vehicles in order to use this captured energy to generate electricity; and SolarWindow, a technology that enables transparent glass windows to generate electricity by coating their glass surfaces with small solar cells. The company was formerly known as Octillion Corp. and changed its name to New Energy Technologies, Inc. in January 2009.

Newron Pharmaceuticals focuses its brainpower on finding remedies for nervous system disorders. As a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing treatments for central nervous system diseases, Newron is developing a pipeline that includes treatments for Parkinson's disease and neuropathic back pain (pain which results from damage to nerve cells). The company is also in the early stages of developing treatments for Restless Leg Syndrome and Alzheimer's disease, as well as other neuropathic pain disorders. Newron is currently partnered with Merck Serono for development of Newron's primary drug product Safinamide, a Parkinson's treatment.

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