When new drugs are tested, someone has to go first and Chiltern (Early Phase) Ltd. (formerly Drug Development Solutions) will help find that person. A contract research organization (CRO), the company specializes in bridging the gap between preclinical studies and the early stages of clinical trials in humans for drug candidates. Its clients include large multinational companies as well as small biotech startups. The company's facilities are based inside a major hospital with access to emergency medical care if needed. The company was spun off from the University of Dundee in 1982 and then acquired by CRO giant Chiltern International in 2008.

Optimer Pharmaceuticals was founded in 1998 and is based in San Diego, California. Optimer Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, focuses on discovering, developing, and commercializing anti-infective products worldwide. The company develops products that treat gastrointestinal infections and related diseases. Its two late-stage anti-infective product candidates include Fidaxomicin, the lead product candidate and an antibiotic that is in second Phase III registration trial for the treatment of clostridium difficile-infections; and Prulifloxacin, a prodrug in the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics, which completed second Phase III trials for the treatment of infectious diarrhea in travelers. It also develops OP-1068/CEM-101, an antibiotic for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections; OPT-88, a disease-modifying intra-articular, or within the cavity of a joint, therapy for osteoarthritis; OPT-822, a carbohydrate-based cancer immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer; and an OPopS drug discovery platform. The company has a collaborative research and development, and license agreement with Cempra Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to discover, develop, and commercialize drugs based on macrolide and ketolide compounds.

Targeted Genetics is putting the bull's-eye on disease. The drug developer is working in the promising (though as yet unproven) field of gene therapies, drugs that deliver particular DNA sequences into targeted cells to encourage (or sometimes inhibit) the production of proteins associated with disease. The company's drug candidates -- targeting conditions such as retinal dystrophies, lateral sclerosis, HIV/AIDS, heart failure, and Huntington's disease -- employ proprietary technology using bio-engineered viral cells (called vectors) to deliver the genes. The company is working on its own to develop therapies for certain candidates and with development partners on some other programs.

WuXi PharmaTech (Cayman) Inc. (WuXi) is a pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device research and development (R&D) outsourcing company, with operations in China and the United States. The Company provides a portfolio of laboratory and manufacturing services throughout the R&D process to its customers, which include pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies. The Company operates in two segments: laboratory services and manufacturing. Laboratory services for pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies. Manufacturing segment services for producing advanced intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients for use by pharmaceutical companies in preclinical and clinical trials. In January 2008, the Company completed its acquisition of AppTec Laboratory Services, Inc.

Paddock Laboratories, Inc. company was founded in 1977 by Chairman Bruce Paddock. Paddock Laboratories, Inc. company develops and manufactures bioequivalent generic pharmaceuticals and OTC specialty products. Paddock's product line includes suppositories, diabetes treatments, topical powders, enemas, injectables, and dermatological offerings, as well as compounding bases and charcoal products. Its manufacturing facilities are located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In addition to the US market, some of Paddock's products are sold in Europe and the Asia/Pacific region through distributors.

Cedarburg Hauser, formerly Cedarburg Pharmaceuticals, makes drugs, components of drugs, and ingredients for drugs. The contract manufacturer does everything from project management to manufacturing to validating study results. It produces custom chemicals, natural and synthetic active pharmaceutical ingredients, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. And, because Cedarburg Hauser also holds Drug Enforcement Agency permits, it makes controlled substances including pain killers and other narcotics. Other services include process development and a whole host of analytical services including quality control and stability studies.

Archemix Corp., a biotechnology company, engages in discovering, developing, and commercializing aptamer therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of chronic and acute diseases in Massachusetts. The company’s aptamer product candidates include ARC1779 for thrombotic microangiopathyies and carotid endarterectomy surgical procedure. It also offers product candidates for cardiovascular, hematology, and oncology diseases. Archemix Corp. was incorporated in 2000 and is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO) provides the medicine that keeps Thai residents healthy. The organization researches and manufactures a wide variety of pharmaceutical products for ailments involving the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems, and vaccines, among others. GPO also makes vitamins, supplements, and diagnostic test kits. The organization's more than hundreds of pharmacists offer services through its about a dozen facilities, including retail drug stores. The Government Pharmaceutical Laboratories and the Division of Medical Depot merged to form GPO in 1966. The organization is part of Thailand's Ministry of Public Health.

Novartis AG company was founded in 1895 and is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. Novartis AG, through its subsidiaries, engages in the research, development, manufacture, and marketing of healthcare products worldwide. Its Pharmaceuticals division engages in the research, development, manufacture, distribution, and sale of pharmaceuticals in various therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular and metabolism; oncology; neuroscience and ophthalmics; respiratory; and immunology and infectious diseases. Novartis company's Vaccines and Diagnostics division offers preventive vaccines and diagnostic tools. This division provides influenza, meningococcal, pediatric, and traveler vaccines; and blood testing and molecular diagnostics to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Its Sandoz division offers prescription medicines, as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological active substances. This division provides active ingredients and finished dosage forms of pharmaceuticals; anti-infectives; protein or biotechnology-based products; and cytotoxic products, as well as offers biotech manufacturing services to other companies on a contract basis. Novartis company's Consumer Health division consists of three business units: over-the-counter medicines (OTC), Animal Health, and CIBA Vision. OTC offers readily available consumer medicines. Animal Health provides veterinary products for farm and companion animals. CIBA Vision manufactures contact lenses and lens care products. Novartis AG has a strategic alliance with Intercell AG to develop vaccines; and a strategic partnership with Lonza, a Swiss pharmaceuticals manufacturing company.

Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. company was founded in 1996 and is based in South San Francisco, California. Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a clinical-stage drug development company, engages in the discovery and development of novel, small-molecule drugs for the treatment of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and cancer, as well as viral and metabolic diseases. Its product development portfolio includes R788, which is in Phase 2b clinical trial for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); a Phase 2 clinical trial for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia purpura, B-cell lymphoma, and T-cell lymphoma; and a preclinical stage for the treatment of lupus. Rigel company's products also include R348, which is in Phase 1 clinical trial for Psoriasis; R763, which is in Phase 1 clinical trial in the area of oncology; and R343, a Phase 1 clinical trial product for asthma. It has collaboration agreements with Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V.; Pfizer, Inc.; Novartis Pharma AG; Daiichi Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.; Merck & Co., Inc.; and Merck Serono.

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