The National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its own research and the distribution of grants, seeks to understand disease inside and out. Part of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the NIH is the government's main medical research entity. It comprises 27 institutes and centers covering every medical discipline, from general medical sciences to alternative therapies. The organization has nearly 6,000 scientists of its own and gives out some 50,000 grants to researchers at more than 3,000 universities, hospitals, and research labs in all 50 states. Among its vast array of projects, NIH has supported efforts to develop an AIDS vaccine, map human genetic variation, and study avian flu.

Hycor Biomedical makes medical diagnostic products and sells them in the US and abroad. Hycor's KOVA urinalysis system, which enables labs to perform uniform microscopic analyses of urine specimens, is used in applications including personnel safety and pregnancy testing. Hycor company also produces allergy diagnosis products and kits for detecting rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Its products are sold by distributors and the company's sales force. Hycor Biomedical is a subsidiary of life sciences company Agilent.

Pluristem Therapeutics Inc. was founded in 2001 and is based in Haifa, Israel. Pluristem Therapeutics Inc., a development stage bio-therapeutics company, engages in the research, development, and production of placental-derived adherent stromal cells (ASCs). The company also involves in the commercialization of non-personalized (allogeneic) cell therapy products for the treatment of various severe degenerative, ischemic, and autoimmune disorders. It develops a pipeline of products that are derived from the human placenta, a non-controversial, non-embryonic, and adult stem cell source. These placental adherent stromal cells (ASCs) are expanded in the company’s proprietary PluriX three-dimensional bioreactor, which imitates the natural microstructure of bone marrow and does not require supplemental growth factors or other exogenous materials. The company’s principal product under Phase I clinical trial is PLX-PAD for people suffering from peripheral artery disease. Its pre-clinical products include PLX-IBD for inflammatory bowel diseases; PLX-STROKE for ischemic strokes; PLX-BMT for bone marrow transplantation; and PLX-MS for multiple sclerosis. The company was formerly known as Pluristem Life Systems Inc. and changed its name to Pluristem Therapeutics Inc. in November 2007.

Antisoma plc company was founded in 1988. Antisoma is anti-cancer. The drug development firm scouts academic or cancer research institutions for promising new oncology drug candidates and snaps them up. Once the drugs are in its pipeline, Antisoma conducts preclinical and clinical trials. The company's leading candidates in clinical trials include possible treatments for lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and breast cancer. Its 2008 acquisition of Xanthus Pharmaceuticals brought along more candidates, and helped Antisoma expand in the US. Antisoma also partners with larger drug makers and research groups, including Novartis, to develop and commercialize products.

TargeGen is developing small molecule therapeutics to treat cancer and cardiovascular disease. The development-stage firm's lead drug candidate, TG 100-115, could prevent complications after heart attacks. Other therapies in TargeGen's pipeline include a potential treatment for colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and macular degeneration, an eye condition that often leads to blindness. The biotech company had been eying an IPO but opted in mid-2005 to stay private and took on an additional round of venture capital financing to fund trials of TG 100-115.

Endo Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc. was founded in 1997 and is headquartered in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. Endo Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc., a pharmaceutical company, engages in the research, development, sale, and marketing of branded and generic prescription pharmaceuticals for treating and managing pain primarily in the United States. Its products include Lidoderm, a topical patch product for the relief of the pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia; Opana ER and Opana for the relief of moderate-to-severe pain in patients; Percocet and Percodan tablets; Frova for the treatment of migraine headaches in adults; and Voltaren Gel for the relief of the pain of osteoarthritis of joints amenable to topical treatment. The company's products also include Sanctura for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and urinary frequency; Sanctura XR to treat OAB symptoms; Supprelin LA for treating central precocious puberty (CPP) or the early onset of puberty in children; Vantas provides histrelin, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer; Delatestryl for the treatment of male hypogonadism; Hydron Implant; and Valstar, a sterile solution of valrubicin for intravesical instillation. Its development stage products include Nebido for treatment of hypogonadisml; PRO 2000, a Phase III clinical stage product for the prevention of infection by HIV and other sexually-transmitted pathogens; octreotide implant, a Phase III clinical stage product for the treatment of acromegaly; and axomadol, a Phase II clinical stage product for the treatment of moderate to moderately severe chronic pain and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. The company's generic products include Morphine Sulfate and Endocet, an oxycodone hydrochloride and acetaminophen product. It has strategic alliances with Novartis AG, Hind Healthcare, Penwest Pharmaceuticals Co., and Vernalis Development Limited.

Synbiotics is concerned with the conditions of cats, cows, canines, and other critters. The company provides diagnostic products for the animal health care industry worldwide, through facilities in the US and France. Its canine reproduction services division trains vets in canine reproductive services, including artificial insemination, and runs the Canine Freezing Center Network, which operates what Synbiotics says is the largest bank of frozen canine semen in the world. Synbiotics company also develops and markets test kits for animal parasites, pregnancy, viruses, and other diseases and conditions in the animal kingdom. Its test for bird flu, the FluDetect Avian Influenza Type A antigen kit, is sold globally.

Aeolus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was founded in 1994 and is based in Mission Viejo, California. Aeolus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Aeolus) is a pharmaceutical company engaged in development of medical countermeasures against biological, chemical and radiological weapons, as well as for diseases and disorders of the central nervous system, respiratory system, autoimmune system and oncology. The Company is testing its lead compound, AEOL 10150, in a range of indications each in various stages of development. The Company’s lead indications are a medical countermeasure against the effects of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in the lungs and in the gastro-intestinal tract, and a medical countermeasure against the effects of sulfur mustard gas and chlorine gas. The Company is also developing its second drug candidate AEOL 11207 for the treatment of epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease.

Pfizer Limited company is the top provider of medicines to the UK's National Health Service, offering many of its parent company's products to treat conditions including cardiovascular ailments and cancers. It also provides animal health products. Pfizer Limited conducts research and development activities, focusing on medications in the areas of allergy, respiratory, urinary, metabolic, and gastrointestinal ailments, as well as vaccines, anti-retrovirals, and pain treatments.

Laboratorios Almirall can help patients with a lot of ailments. The pharmaceutical company develops, manufactures, and markets drugs for a wide range of conditions affecting the digestive, central nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Products include ebastine (antihistamine), aceclofenac (anti-inflammatory), and almotriptan (anti-migraine drug). The company, which is the leading drugmaker in Spain, operates from offices in Europe and Mexico and markets its drugs in more than 70 countries. Laboratorios Almirall is currently focusing its research efforts on treating asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatological problems, among others.

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