Since its founding in 1928, the Hannah Research Institute has conducted research aimed at making food healthier and safer. The institute, which has links to the University of Glasgow and the Scottish Agricultural College, receives funding from the Scottish Government, medical charities, and pharmaceutical companies. Its Biomedical division conducts research on the links between health and nutrition, while the CHARIS Food Research division ... researches food. In particular, the Institute seeks to understand how environment, physiology, genetics, and other factors affect susceptibility to breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.

Life Sciences Research stands ready to test everything that humans, animals, and the environment eat, use, and are exposed to. The contract research organization (CRO) performs safety and efficacy tests on pharmaceutical and chemical compounds used in products being developed by drug, agricultural, industrial, and veterinary companies. Life Sciences Research and its subsidiaries provide both large and start-up drugmaker clients worldwide with toxicology, metabolism, and stability studies for preclinical candidates that are applying for product approval. The company was taken private in 2009 after being acquired by Lion Holdings.

Exelixis, Inc. company was formerly known as Exelixis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and changed its name to Exelixis, Inc. in 2000. Exelixis, Inc. was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in South San Francisco, California. Exelixis, Inc. discovers and develops small molecule drugs for the treatment of cancer, and various metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Its products include XL184, a Phase 3 clinical trial compound that inhibits MET, RET, and VEGFR2, which drive tumor growth and vascularization, as well as Phase 1b/2 clinical trials compounds, including XL147 that targets phosphoinosotide-3 kinase (PI3K); and XL765, which targets PI3K and mTOR, kinases in the PI3K signaling pathway. The company has various compounds in phase 1 clinical trials, including XL518, a small molecule inhibitor of the MEK, a component of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway; XL228, which targets insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor, an RTK in a range of human tumors; XL019 that inhibits JAK2, a cytoplasmic tyrosine; XL139, which inhibits activation of Hedgehog signaling; XL413, a small molecule inhibitor of the serine-threonine kinase CDC7; and XL888, a synthetic inhibitor of HSP90, a chaperone protein that promotes the activity and stability of a range of regulatory proteins, including kinases. In addition, its preclinical and clinical development stage products that are out-licensed to third parties for the development and commercialization include XL880, an inhibitor of MET and VEGFR2; XL281, which targets RAF, a cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase; XL652 targeting liver X receptors, which modulate genes involved in regulation of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis; XL550, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor; and FXR Program that targets Farnesoid X Receptor, a bile acid receptor. Exelixis, Inc. has collaborations with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Genentech, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals; and Daiichi-Sankyo.

Taro Pharmaceutical Industries manufactures drugs for cardiac, dermatological, neurological, and pediatric illnesses. It makes generic prescription and over-the-counter drugs at facilities in Canada, Ireland, Israel, the UK, and the US. It specializes in generics, but also produces private label and branded drugs. Its facilities are capable of producing topical, oral, and injectable formulations. The company also produces active pharmaceutical ingredients for use by its own facilities and sold to other drug makers. Taro Pharmaceutical routinely reinvests more than 10% of its sales into research into the development of new products. Its customers include large drugstore and grocery chains and discount retailers.

DARA BioSciences, Inc. (DARA), formerly Point therapeutics, Inc. is a development stage pharmaceutical company that acquires therapeutic molecules and medical technologies from third parties, and advances their clinical development for later sale to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. DARA focuses on two drug development programs: KRN5500 for neuropathic pain in cancer patients and DB959 for type 2 diabetes. On February 12, 2008, Point and DARA BioSciences, Inc. completed their merger transaction, in which DP Acquisition Corp. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Point) merged with and into DARA BioSciences, Inc.

Amgen GmbH speaks the language of biotech geeks, only with a German accent. Amgen GmbH is a German unit of US-based Amgen, the world's largest biotech company. The subsidiary was established in 1989 to help sell and distribute biotechnical therapies for the treatment of such ailments as chemotherapy side effects, chronic kidney failure, and rheumatoid arthritis. Among the group's products are Epogen and Aranesp, for the treatment of anemia in people with chronic kidney disease; Neupogen and Neulasta, to help restore white blood cell counts for cancer patients; and Enbrel, for the treatment of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.

The German drug company -- seller of popular over-the-counter remedies Zantac and Dulcolax, as well as prescription Flomax for enlarged prostate -- makes a host of prescription and OTC products, not to mention fine chemicals and pet medications. Its prescription drugs include treatments for respiratory ailments, hypertension, HIV, and depression. Boehringer also offers cold, gastrointestinal, and pain remedies, as well as vaccines, drugs, and nutritionals for farm animals and pets. The company operates worldwide. The founding Boehringer family controls the company through parent company C.H. Boehringer Sohn.

Lescarden Inc. was founded in 1960 and is based in New York, New York. Lescarden Inc. engages in the research, testing, and development of proprietary biologic materials with a focus on wound healing, clinical skin care, osteoarthritis, and cancer applications. The company offers CATRIX Wound Dressing, a powder derived from bovine cartilage for the management of chronic lesions and burns, as well as for non-healing wounds, such as decubitus ulcers, venous stasis ulcers, and diabetic ulcers. It also provides a line of Catrix-based skin care products for the plastic surgery, dermatology, and medical spa markets. In addition, the company offers nutritional supplements, including BIO-CARTILAGE; and POLY-Nag, a glucosamine polymer for the treatment of osteoarthritis. It also licenses its technologies for commercialization by other companies in Canada, Europe, and Korea. The company sells its products primarily in Europe, the Philippines, and Korea.

MannKind Corporation was founded in 1991 and is headquartered in Valencia, California. MannKind Corporation, a biopharmaceutical company, focuses on the discovery, development, and commercialization of therapeutic products for diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. Its lead product candidate, AFRESA, a rapid-acting insulin that has completed phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of diabetes in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The company's lead product candidates also include MKC1106-PP, which is in phase I clinical trial for the treatment of various solid-tumor cancers, including ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, renal, breast, non-small cell lung and prostate carcinomas, glioblastoma, and melanoma.

DRAXIS Specialty Pharmaceuticals (formerly DRAXIS Health) lights up your insides with its own radiopharmaceuticals, but its main business is making other drug companies' injectable drugs, lotions and pills. The company's larger DRAXIS Pharma unit is a contract manufacturer specializing in liquid and freeze-dried injectable drugs, though it also makes sterile and non-sterile ointments, creams, and other formulations. Another unit, DRAXIMAGE, develops and makes radiopharmaceuticals, such as radioactive iodine, for use in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures. DRAXIMAGE sells its products mostly in the US and Canada. In 2008 India-based Jubilant Organosys acquired DRAXIS for about $255 million.

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