National Fuel Gas Company, through its subsidiaries, operates as a diversified energy company primarily in the United States. The company operates through four segments: Utility, Pipeline and Storage, Exploration and Production, and Energy Marketing. The Utility segment sells natural gas or provides natural gas transportation services to approximately 727,000 customers in Buffalo, Niagara Falls, and Jamestown, New York; and Erie and Sharon, Pennsylvania. The Pipeline and Storage segment provides interstate natural gas transportation and storage services for affiliated and nonaffiliated companies through an integrated gas pipeline system; and 27 underground natural gas storage fields, as well as 4 other underground natural gas storage fields owned and operated jointly with other interstate gas pipeline companies. This segment also transports natural gas for industrial customers and power producers in New York State. It owns the Empire Pipeline, a 157-mile pipeline; and the Empire Connector, which is a 76-mile pipeline extension. The Exploration and Production segment engages in the exploration for, and the development and purchase of natural gas and oil reserves in California, in the Appalachian region of the United States, and in the Gulf Coast region of Texas and Louisiana. As of September 30, 2009, this segment had proved developed and undeveloped reserves of 46,587 thousand barrels of oil and 248,954 million cubic feet equivalent of natural gas. The Energy Marketing segment markets natural gas to industrial, wholesale, commercial, public authority, and residential customers primarily in western and central New York and northwestern Pennsylvania. National Fuel Gas company also develops and operates mid-range independent power production and landfill gas electric generation facilities. National Fuel Gas Company was founded in 1902 and is based in Williamsville, New York.

Alabamans and Floridians come together in PowerSouth Energy Cooperative (formerly Alabama Electric Cooperative), which provides wholesale power services to its member-owners (20 cooperative and municipal distribution utilities and one industrial company). Its distribution members provide electric services to almost 419,000 meters in central and southern Alabama (39 counties) and western Florida (10 counties). PowerSouth Energy Cooperative operates a 2,200-mile power transmission system and has more than 1,600 MW of generating capacity from interests in fossil-fueled and hydroelectric power plants.

Power and light give a lot of independence to people, and City of Independence Power & Light Department (commonly referred to as Independence Power & Light) makes sure that citizens of Independence, Missouri, have all the power and light they need. The municipal electric utility company generates, purchases, transmits, and distributes reliable and affordable electricity to more than 50,000 customers. The utility, which maintains 12 generating units, 13 major substations, and more than 650 miles of power lines, serves the entire City of Independence, with the exception of Lake City Arsenal.

Puget Energy is one of Washington State's largest utilities. Its electricity supply and transmission business, Puget Sound Energy, provides electricity to more than 1 million customers and natural gas to about 749,000 customers in western Washington. The utility owns fossil-fueled and hydroelectric plants as well as wind farms with a cumulative total of about 5,050 MW of capacity. In 2009, Puget Holdings LLC, a consortium led by Australian bank unit Macquarie Infrastructure Partners, acquired Puget Energy for $7.4 billion. The deal strengthens Puget Energy's access to cash to pay down debt and for future growth.

Created by Texas ranchers and business owners, Pedernales Electric Cooperative provides electricity services in the Texas Hill Country. The company, the largest electric cooperative in the US, purchases its electricity from wholesale providers, primarily the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA), and transmits and distributes it to more than 234,000 customers. The member-owned cooperative is purchasing wind-power assets from American Electric Power to expand its green energy sources. In 2008 a scandal over alleged inappropriate expenditures by board members led to the resignation of the board president and intense scrutiny of the co-op by the public, members, and the government. Created by Texas ranchers and business owners, Pedernales Electric Cooperative provides electricity services in the Texas Hill Country. The company, the largest electric cooperative in the US, purchases its electricity from wholesale providers, primarily the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA), and transmits and distributes it to more than 234,000 customers. The member-owned cooperative is purchasing wind-power assets from American Electric Power to expand its green energy sources. In 2008 a scandal over alleged inappropriate expenditures by board members led to the resignation of the board president and intense scrutiny of the co-op by the public, members, and the government.

The Native American inhabitants of Georgia may have used flint to spark the fires that brought light to their dwellings. Central Georgians today rely on the Flint Electric Membership Corporation, which does business as Flint Energies, to light their homes. Flint Energies serves 250,000 residential, commercial, and industrial customers (through 82,500 meters) in 17 counties, Fort Benning, and the city of Warner Robins. The customer-owned cooperative operates more than 6,250 miles of distribution line and about 50 substations. Flint Energies first flicked the switch in 1937.

Duke Energy Indiana (formerly PSI Energy) brings a spark to the Hoosier state. One of Indiana's largest utilities, Duke Energy subsidiary Duke Energy Indiana transmits and distributes electricity to 69 of the state's 92 counties (approximately 780,000 customers). The utility also owns power plants (more than 6,730 MW of primarily fossil-fueled capacity), which are operated by its parent's merchant energy division. Duke Energy Indiana's service area covers about 22,000 sq. miles with an estimated population of 2.4 million. The company operates about 31,000 miles of distribution lines and a 5,400-mile transmission system. In 2010 Duke Energy Indiana appointed company veteran Doug Esamann as president.

Snam Rete Gas (formerly Snam S.p.A.) transmits natural gas across Italy, managing a network of about 19,300 miles of transmission pipeline. The network includes eight regional centers, 55 local management centers, and 11 compressor stations, and transports more than 83 billion cubic meters of natural gas a year. The company is also the only liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification and storage services provider in Italy (operating through subsidiary GNL Italia). Energy behemoth Eni controls Snam Rete Gas, which was formed in 2001. In 2009 Eni consolidated its gas units, and sold its Italgas gas distributor and its Stogit gas storage unit to Snam Rete.

REC Solar helps you say "So long!" to fossil fuel dependence. The company designs and installs solar electric systems for residential and small commercial customers in six states -- Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, New Jersey, and Oregon. REC Solar has installed more than 3,200 power systems since being founded in 1997. Its systems range from simple rooftop panel displays for residential customers to industrial solar electric systems for Costco. REC Solar uses solar panels manufactured by Kyocera, Mitsubishi, Sanyo, and Sharp, and components by Satcon, SMA Solar Technology, and Xantrex. Investment group Mainstream Energy owns both REC Solar and AEE Solar.

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) keeps the movie cameras running and the swimming pools full. The largest municipally owned utility in the US, LADWP provides electricity to more than 1.4 million residential and business customers and water to 640,000 customers. The company has power plant interests that give it more than 7,220 MW of generating capacity; it also buys and sells wholesale power. Most of the city's water supply is transported through two aqueduct systems from the Sierra Nevada Mountains; other water sources include wells and local groundwater basins. Because LADWP is city-owned, its retail monopoly status was unaffected by utility deregulation in California.

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