In the 1950's there were dozens of ballpoint models, and nearly every one took a different cartridge. In 1953 Paul Fisher invented the "Universal Refill" which could be used in most pens. It was a good seller, since stationery store owners could reduce their stock of assorted refills.Fisher Space Pen makes pens containing pressurized visco-elastic ink, which makes it possible to write upside down, underwater, in all temperatures, and in zero gravity. The company's pens have starred in space as the official pen of NASA and on TV in a "Seinfeld" sitcom episode. Urban legend has it that NASA spent millions to develop the pen.

Blyth, Inc. was founded in 1977. Blyth prefers to light up the party with one of its wicked products. As the largest candle maker in the US, Blyth sells its scented and unscented candles under the Colonial Candle, PartyLite, Ambria Table Lighting, and Seasons of Cannon Falls names, among others. Its portfolio also extends beyond the candle business with Sterno butane products and lighting, Two Sisters Gourmet sauces and condiments, and ViSalus nutritional supplements, as well as a variety of catalog and online businesses that market household goods and gifts. Blyth's products are sold through home parties and retailers worldwide. It also supplies institutional customers, such as restaurants and hotels.

Established by chairman David Copham in 1985, Liberty Enterprises was acquired by John H. Harland for $160 million in 2005. John D. Harland was acquired in 2007 and merged with Clarke American to become Harland Clarke, Liberty's new parent. Liberty Enterprises can take some credit for the success of credit unions. The company prints checks, deposit slips, and money orders; manufactures credit cards; and provides other services for more than 5,400 credit unions. Cavion Plus -- the result of the merger of the firm's Liberty Internet Services subsidiary with CUNA Network Services -- provides electronic connectivity and security services for credit unions.

MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings Inc. company has investments in an array of public and private firms, most notably cosmetics giant Revlon and M&F Worldwide, which deals in licorice flavors and financial products. It also has an influential role in entertainment, with significant stakes in Panavision, the top provider of cameras for movies and TV shows, and Deluxe Entertainment Services Group, the largest processor of motion picture film. MacAndrews & Forbes' other holdings include biotech firm SIGA Technologies, lottery system and gaming developer Scientific Games, and AM General, maker of Humvee and HUMMER vehicles.

To IT Holding, fashion-conscious youth are a priority. Pulling itself up by its bootstraps is another. Its Ittierre unit makes youth collections for top fashion houses, including Versace and Roberto Cavalli. IT Holding offers youthful apparel and accessories under its own Extè name. The company also owns luxury clothing firm Gianfranco Ferre -- its marquee brand -- and cashmere company Malo. With manufacturing facilities in Italy, IT Holding sells its products in about 70 of its own stores and about 6,000 department stores and shops worldwide. IT Holding went into administration, the Italian equivalent of Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, in February 2009 soon after its Ittierre subsidiary did the same.

Panoptx Inc. company manufactures performance eyewear -- a combination of protection goggles and sunglasses -- under the 7Eye brand name. Its target audience is sports enthusiasts from skiers to bikers whose eyes are routinely subject to intensified sun glare. The company's Web site offers a build-your-own feature, which allows customers to choose a variety of frame styles and lens colors suitable for the user's chosen sport. The eyewear, also available with prescription lenses, is sold through opticians and specialty stores such as Harley-Davidson throughout the US.

International Paper Company was founded in 1898 and is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. International Paper Company operates as a paper and packaging company with operations in North America, Europe, Latin America, the Russian Federation, Asia, and north Africa. Its Printing Papers segment produces uncoated printing and writing papers, including uncoated papers, market pulp, and uncoated bristols. The company's Industrial Packaging segment manufactures containerboards. Its products include linerboard, medium, whitetop, recycled linerboard, recycled medium, and saturated kraft. Its Consumer Packaging segment produces coated paperboard for various packaging and commercial printing end uses. The company's Distribution segment provides services and products to various customer markets, supplying commercial printers with printing papers and graphic pre-press, printing presses, and post-press equipment; the building services and away-from-home markets with facility supplies; and manufacturers with packaging supplies and equipment, as well as offers warehousing and delivery services. Its Forest Products segment owns and manages forest lands primarily in the United States. International Paper Company's Specialty Businesses and Other segment consists of a joint venture with Ilim Holding S.A. that operates a pulp and paper business in the Russian Federation.

Summer Infant, Inc. is a designer, marketer, and distributor of branded juvenile health, safety and wellness products, which are sold principally to large North American and United Kingdom retailers. The Company has more than 80 products in various product categories, including nursery audio/video monitors, safety gates, durable bath products, bed rails, related health and safety products, booster and potty seats, bouncers and a product line of soft goods/bedding. Its products are sold primarily to United States retailers including Babies R Us, Target, KMart, Buy Buy Baby, Meijer, Baby Depot (Burlington Coat Factory) and Wal-Mart. The Company maintains through Summer Infant Europe, Limited (SIE) a sales, marketing and distribution office in England, which services the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe. On July 17, 2009, Summer Infant, Inc. completed the acquisition of Butterfly Living. In December 2009, Summer Infant, Inc. completed the acquisition of Classy Kid Inc.

Marc Jacobs International Company LLC was founded by Marc Jacobs and his business partner Robert Duffy (president) in the 1980s. It is part of the stable of French luxury firm LVMH. Marc Jacobs International is a well-known design house that creates men's and women's apparel collections (under the Marc Jacobs Collection and Marc by Marc Jacobs names), a children's line under the Little Marc label, footwear, handbags, sunglasses, home decor, timepieces, and a signature fragrance. The company operates about 15 of its own boutiques and sells through high-end department and specialty stores internationally.

Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation is an apparel company. The Company’s portfolio of brands includes its owned brands, Calvin Klein Collection, ck Calvin Klein, Calvin Klein, Van Heusen, IZOD, ARROW, G.H. Bass & Co., Bass, City of London, Bugatti and Eagle, and its licensed brands, Geoffrey Beene, BCBG Max Azria, BCBG Attitude, CHAPS, Sean John, Donald J. Trump Signature Collection, JOE Joseph Abboud, Kenneth Cole New York, Kenneth Cole Reaction, MICHAEL Michael Kors, Michael Kors Collection, DKNY, Tommy Hilfiger, Nautica, Ted Baker, Ike Behar, Valentino, Hart Schaffner Marx, Gianfranco Ruffini, Studio by Fumagalli’s, Zylos by George Machado, Jones New York and Timberland, as well as various private label brands. Its portfolio of licensed brands also includes J. Garcia, Claiborne, U.S. POLO ASSN. and Axcess. It designs and markets branded dress shirts, neckwear, sportswear, and footwear and other related products. Additionally, it licenses its owned brands over a range of products.

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