Papa John's International makes a lot of dough -- pizza dough, that is. The company operates the world's #3 pizza chain (behind YUM! Brands' Pizza Hut brand and Domino's) with about 3,500 pizzerias across the US and in about 30 international markets. Its restaurants offer several different pizza styles and topping choices, as well as a few specialty pies such as The Works and All the Meats. Papa John's locations typically offer delivery and carry-out service only. It owns and operates more than 600 locations, while the rest are franchised. Founder and co-CEO John Schnatter owns more than 20% of the company.

CEO Walter Isenberg and his business partner Zack Neumeyer started Sage Hospitality Resources in 1984. Sage Hospitality Resources is wise to the ways of luxurious lodgings. Sage Hospitality Resources company is a leading hotel developer and operator with about 50 properties in more than 20 states. Its portfolio includes full- and limited-service hotels operating under such banners as Marriott, Starwood, and Hilton; it also has independent properties such as The Nines in Portland, Oregon, and The Oxford Hotel in Denver. In addition to its hotels business, the company operates the Sage Restaurant Group, which develops restaurants and lounges adjacent to its hotels in major urban locations.

The Washington State Public Stadium Authority is the public partner and owner of the $430 million Qwest Field and Event Center (formerly Seahawks Stadium and Exhibition Center), home of the Seattle Seahawks. The authority owns the stadium, while Seahawks owner Paul Allen's First & Goal operates the facility. The stadium opened in 2002 on the site of the former Kingdome, in the Pioneer Square neighborhood near downtown Seattle. The two facilities (the event/exhibition center opened in 1999) are close to Puget Sound and just north of Safeco Field, home of the Seattle Mariners.

Cirque du Soleil ("Circus of the Sun") is probably the only organization where you can get away with calling the founder a clown. The group has turned the circus on its ear, blending street entertainment, eccentric costumes, and cabaret. Among its nearly 20 current productions presented across the globe are "O" (an aquatic show in Las Vegas at MGM Resorts International's Bellagio); Love, a Las Vegas show featuring music of the Beatles (with support from Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr, and from the widows of George Harrison and John Lennon); and touring shows Quidam and Alegría. Accordionist, stiltwalker, and fire-eater Guy Laliberté co-founded Cirque du Soleil in 1984; he is the company's majority owner.

The Dundee United Football Company owns and operates Dundee United Football Club, a soccer team that competes in the Scottish Premier League. Known to supporters as The Terrors, Dundee United FC was formed in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian (it changed names in 1923) and plays host at Tannadice Park. (The stadium is located apposite Dens Park, home of the cross-town rival Dundee Football Club.) The team is controlled by chairman Stephen Thompson, who took over Dundee United after his father, Eddie Thompson, died in 2008. Eddie Thompson had founded the Morning, Noon & Night convenience store chain (later sold to Scottish Midland Co-operative Society).

The Illinois Department of the Lottery runs numbers games, including Pick 3 and Pick 4, and participates in the dozen-state Mega Millions game in which players can win jackpots starting at $12 million (odds of winning: 1 in 175 million). It also offers instant-win scratch-off games. Of the money collected from ticket sales, about 60% is paid in prizes and some 30% goes to the state's Common School Fund, which helps finance K-12 public education. The rest covers retailer commissions and expenses. The Illinois Lottery operates through more than 7,500 retail businesses. For every ticket sold, retailers receive a 5% commission.

Don't let the mouse mascot fool you: This amusement kingdom is founded on the power of pizza. CEC Entertainment operates the Chuck E. Cheese's chain of pizza parlors with more than 540 locations throughout the US, Canada, and a half dozen other countries. The restaurants cater mostly to families with children and feature dining-room entertainment provided by robotic characters, arcade games, and other activities. (The eateries are especially popular destinations for birthday parties.) Games and merchandise account for about 50% of sales. The menu features pizzas, sandwiches, salads, and desserts. CEC Entertainment owns and operates about 500 of the pizza and fun joints, while the rest are franchised.

The Oakland Raiders professional football team is one of the more storied franchises in the National Football League. Founded in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League, the team played in the second Super Bowl between the rival leagues (losing to the Green Bay Packers) before joining the NFL in 1970. The franchise has since won three championship titles (its last in 1984). Over the years, Oakland has been home to such Hall of Fame players as Marcus Allen, Howie Long, and Jim Otto, as well as legendary head coach John Madden. Al Davis has run the team since 1972.

Mohegan Tribal Gaming Authority engages in the ownership, operation, and development of gaming facilities in the United States. As of September 30, 2009, it operated a gaming and entertainment complex, Casino of the Earth with approximately 3,700 slot machines and 190 table games, including blackjack, roulette, craps, and baccarat; food and beverage amenities comprising a full-service restaurant and bar, and 3 full-service themed fine dining restaurants; a 410-seat lounge; a simulcasting race book facility; 4 retail shops; and an Asian-themed gaming area offering 46 table games. The company also operates the Casino of the Sky with approximately 2,300 slot machines and 110 table games; food and beverage amenities, including 5 full-service restaurants, 3 quick-service restaurants, a coffee shop, a 330-seat buffet, and 5 lounges and bars; Mohegan After Dark consisting a nightclub, a lounge, and a pub; the Mohegan Sun Arena; 32 retail shops; a 1,200-room Sky Hotel Tower; a spa; convention space; and a child care facility and an arcade style entertainment area. In addition, Mohegan Tribal Gaming Authority engages in the operation of Casino of the Wind with 700 slot machines, 30 table games, and a 42-table themed poker room; and dining and retail amenities.

The American Hockey League is a minor league sports organization that serves as a farm system for the National Hockey League. Each of its 29 teams is affiliated with at least one professional franchise, providing a training ground for young players and offering a reserve roster of players who can be called up to the NHL. Established in 1936, the league has teams located throughout the US and in Canada. It regulates franchise ownership and oversees such business operations as sponsorships and marketing. The AHL season runs from October through April, followed by a playoff for the Calder Cup championship trophy.

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